Homonyms, Homophone and Homograph

Homonyms:

Homonyms are two or more words that have the same sound or spelling but differ in meaning.

Homophone:

Homophones means ‘same sounds. Here phonic sound or pronunciation is the same, but the meaning, origin, and spelling are different. For example- ‘knew’ and ‘new’ or ‘meet’ and ‘meat’ are pronounced the same but differ in meaning.

Homograph:

Homographs are words that have the same spelling but are different in origin, meaning, and sometimes pronunciation. For example, race’ means competition between people, animals, and vehicles to see which is faster or fastest. But ‘race’ has another meaning in people, and it is one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to their physical differences, like the color of their skin.

Examples of homograph:

Band- a ring, something that binds

Band- a group

Banned- prohibited

Commonly confusing words

Advice (N) – Guidance or recommendation offered about prudent future action.

Advise (v)-   To offer someone suggestions about the best course of action.

 

Allusion (N)- An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning

Illusion (N)- An instance of a wrong or misinterpreted perception of a sensory experience.

 

Amoral (Adj) – Lacking a moral sense

Immoral (Adj)- Something against preestablished morals, ethics, or standard social practices.

 

Effect (v)- To have an impact on something

Effect (v)- A change resulting from something

 

Averse (Adj)- Strongly dislike or opposed to something

Adverse (Adj) - Unfavorable or harmful

Intonation

 Intonation is a feature of pronunciation and is common in all languages. In phonetics, intonation is the melodic pattern of an utterance. It is primarily a matter of variation in the pitch level of the voice. Stress and rhythm are also involved in many languages, including English. Intonation conveys differences in expressive meaning, such as surprise, anger, wariness, etc.

 In language, using the right intonation can change the meaning of words. For example, if we think of our voice as a musical instrument, when we speak, our voice gets louder and softer, places emphasis on certain parts, and goes up and down the notes. The notes of our voice are called pitch, and the change in pitch is what we call intonation.

 At its simplest, intonation could be described as ‘the music of speech’. A change or variation in this music can affect the meaning of what we say.

 

Collective Noun:

A Collective noun is given to a collection or group of singular persons, place, animal, thing, or idea – e.g., mob, herd, bunch, gang, school, fleet, flock, etc.

Based on usage, collective nouns are classified into four types:

1. Class Collective Noun: clothing, furniture, luggage, brick, machinery, etc.

2. Distributive Collective Noun:  people, folk, cattle, poultry, etc.

3. Generalising Collective Noun:  Police, peasant, noble

4. Group Collective Noun: the jury, a fleet, a crowd, etc. 

Number and Rules of Changing Nouns to Plurals

 Number is a grammatical category that indicates whether a noun, pronoun, or verb is one or more than one. There are two types of numbers in grammar: singular and plural.

Singular Number:

When a noun refers to just one person, animal, place, thing, or quality, it is said to be singular in number. Examples include student, tiger, street, and apple.

Plural Number:

When a noun stands for two or more people, animals, places, things, or qualities, it is said to be plural in number. For example-students, tigers, streets, apples, etc.

 

Phrasal verb

A phrasal verb is a verb with one or more preposition added to it. The meaning of the verb changes completely with each additional preposition. A phrasal verb should be treated as a single unit of meaning, just like a separate verb.

Phrasal verbs are very common, we use it in spoken English all the time.

Examples of phrasal verb:

A

Ask for - Want

Add up- To calculate

Time Vocabulary

Time vocabulary

 

How to say

It’s

10:00- Ten o’clock

10:05- Five past ten

10:10- Ten past ten

10:15- Quarter past ten

10:20- Twenty past ten

10:25- Twenty-five past ten

10:30- Half past ten