Latin and Foreign Abbreviation and Meaning

 An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase, used to represent the full form. It is a broad term that encompasses acronyms (e.g., NASA, SCUBA) and initialisms (e.g., FBI, CIA), although common usage often uses "abbreviation" to encompass all forms of shortening.

Importance of Abbreviation in Daily Life (Educational Perspective):

The significance of abbreviations in daily life, viewed through an educational lens, can be summarized as:

• Efficiency and Speed Abbreviations save time and space when writing notes, completing assignments, and communicating quickly via digital platforms (texting, email) [2]. This efficiency is a core skill in note-taking and exam conditions.
• Enhanced Communication In academic and professional fields, specific abbreviations (like those for units of measurement: kg, cm, or job titles: CEO, Dr.) are universally understood shorthand, ensuring clarity and precision in communication within that discipline [2].
• Mastery of Subject Terminology Learning the specific abbreviations used in a subject (e.g., DNA in biology, GNP in economics) is a fundamental part of mastering the subject's technical language and terminology [2].
• Information Processing In an information-dense world, the ability to quickly recognize and understand common abbreviations helps in faster reading and comprehension of various texts, from news articles to scientific papers [2].
• Cognitive Aid Using abbreviations can reduce the cognitive load of constantly writing long phrases, allowing students to focus more on the ideas and structure of their writing and less on the mechanics of spelling out every word [2].
• Cultural and Technological Literacy Understanding common digital and internet abbreviations (LOL, ASAP, FAQ) is essential for navigating modern communication and digital platforms effectively
• List of abbreviations

 LATIN ABBREVIATIONS (1–140)

1. a.m. → ante meridiem (Latin) → before noon
2. p.m. → post meridiem → after noon
3. e.g. → exempli gratia → for example
4. i.e. → id est → that is
5. etc. → et cetera → and so on
6. viz. → videlicet → namely
7. cf. → confer → compare
8. N.B. → nota bene → note well
9. vs. → versus → against
10. et al. → et alii → and others
11. et seq. → et sequentes → and the following
12. ibid. → ibidem → in the same place
13. id. → idem → the same
14. op. cit. → opere citato → in the work cited
15. loc. cit. → loco citato → in the place cited
16. sic → sic → exactly so
17. p.a. → per annum → per year
18. p.d. → per diem → per day
19. ad hoc → ad hoc → for a special purpose
20. per se → per se → by itself
21. in situ → in situ → in original position
22. de facto → de facto → in practice
23. de jure → de jure → by law
24. ipso facto → ipso facto → by the fact itself
25. pro tem. → pro tempore → for the time being
26. status quo → status quo → existing condition
27. vice versa → vice versa → the other way round
28. bona fide → bona fide → in good faith
29. mala fide → mala fide → in bad faith
30. inter alia → inter alia → among others
31. prima facie → prima facie → at first sight
32. ultra vires → ultra vires → beyond power
33. infra → infra → below
34. supra → supra → above
35. circa (c.) → circa → about
36. passim → passim → here and there
37. ex officio → ex officio → by virtue of office
38. mutatis mutandis → mutatis mutandis → with necessary changes
39. ceteris paribus → ceteris paribus → other things equal
40. sub judice → sub judice → under trial
41. ab initio → ab initio → from the beginning
42. ad infinitum → ad infinitum → endlessly
43. in vitro → in vitro → in glass
44. in vivo → in vivo → in a living body
45. ex parte → ex parte → from one side
46. pro bono → pro bono publico → for public good
47. per capita → per capita → per person
48. in absentia → in absentia → in absence
49. ad interim → ad interim → temporarily
50. sub rosa → sub rosa → secretly
51. ad valorem → ad valorem → according to value
52. pro forma → pro forma → for form’s sake
53. in extremis → in extremis → at the point of death
54. ad nauseam → ad nauseam → to a sickening degree
55. mea culpa → mea culpa → my fault
56. alter ego → alter ego → second self
57. via media → via media → middle path
58. ex post facto → ex post facto → after the event
59. non sequitur → non sequitur → does not follow
60. quid pro quo → quid pro quo → something for something
61. per procurationem (p.p.) → per procurationem → on behalf of
62. ad lib. → ad libitum → at pleasure
63. ex nihilo → ex nihilo → out of nothing
64. in toto → in toto → entirely
65. ex gratia → ex gratia → as a favour
66. in re → in re → in the matter of
67. per contra → per contra → on the contrary
68. ad rem → ad rem → to the point
69. ab extra → ab extra → from outside
70. ab intra → ab intra → from within
71. ex cathedra → ex cathedra → with authority
72. inter se → inter se → among themselves
73. in fine → in fine → at the end
74. pro patria → pro patria → for the country
75. ad arbitrium → ad arbitrium → at discretion
76. ex tempore → ex tempore → without preparation
77. in limine → in limine → at the outset
78. ex necessitate → ex necessitate → out of necessity
79. in specie → in specie → in particular
80. ad usum → ad usum → for use
81. in memoriam → in memoriam → in memory of
82. in extenso → in extenso → fully
83. per curiam → per curiam → by the court
84. ad referendum → ad referendum → for approval
85. de novo → de novo → anew
86. res ipsa loquitur → res ipsa loquitur → the thing speaks
87. actus reus → actus reus → guilty act
88. mens rea → mens rea → guilty mind
89. stare decisis → stare decisis → stand by decisions
90. obiter dicta → obiter dicta → said in passing
91. ratio decidendi → ratio decidendi → reason for decision
92. sub silentio → sub silentio → in silence
93. per incuriam → per incuriam → through oversight
94. in pari materia → in pari materia → same subject
95. ad vitam → ad vitam → for life
96. ex aequo → ex aequo → equally
97. in posse → in posse → in possibility
98. in esse → in esse → in existence
99. ad factum → ad factum → according to fact
100. in dubio pro reo → in dubio pro reo → doubt favours accused

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 FOREIGN (NON-LATIN) ABBREVIATIONS (101–200)

French

101. R.S.V.P. → répondez s’il vous plaît (French) → please reply
102. No. → numéro → number
103. Mme. → Madame → married woman
104. Mlle. → Mademoiselle → unmarried woman
105. Mr. → Monsieur → Mister
106. Blvd. → Boulevard → wide road
107. Dept. → Département → department
108. Rd. → Route → road
109. St. → Saint → saint
110. à la carte → à la carte → according to menu

German

111. viz. → wie gezeigt (used in English via Latin sense) → namely
112. z.B. → zum Beispiel → for example
113. u.a. → unter anderem → among others
114. ggf. → gegebenenfalls → if necessary
115. ca. → circa (used via German) → approximately

Italian

116. etc. → et cetera (used via Italian too) → and so on
117. op. → opera → work
118. solo → solo → alone
119. duo → duo → two
120. trio → trio → three

Spanish

121. Sr. → Señor → Mister
122. Sra. → Señora → Mrs.
123. Srta. → Señorita → Miss
124. etc. → etcétera → and so on
125. aprox. → aproximadamente → approximately

International / Mixed Usage

126. a.k.a. → also known as (foreign usage) → alias
127. per cent (pct.) → per centum → out of hundred
128. et alibi → et alibi → and elsewhere
129. idem. → idem → same author
130. vide → vide → see
131. sc. → scilicet → namely
132. ss. → scilicet → to wit
133. q.v. → quod vide → which see
134. s.v. → sub verbo → under the word
135. fl. → floruit → period of activity
136. d.o.a. → de ordine aliorum → by order of others
137. ad loc. → ad locum → at the place
138. inf. → infra → below
139. sup. → supra → above
140. pass. → passim → throughout
141. per mil. → per mille → per thousand
142. n.b. → nota bene → note carefully
143. vizt. → videlicet → namely
144. ib. → ibidem → same place
145. ibid. → ibidem → same reference
146. ante → ante → before
147. post → post → after
148. ex. → exempli → example
149. fin. → finis → end
150. temp. → tempus → time
151. ad fin. → ad finem → to the end
152. ex vi → ex vi → by force of
153. sub poena → sub poena → under penalty
154. per verba → per verba → by words
155. ad idem → ad idem → same point
156. ex causa → ex causa → from cause
157. sub fide → sub fide → under trust
158. ad honorem → ad honorem → as an honour
159. in summa → in summa → in short
160. ad pacem → ad pacem → toward peace
161. per fas → per fas → lawfully
162. per nefas → per nefas → unlawfully
163. ad certum → ad certum → for certain
164. ex concessis → ex concessis → from admitted facts
165. sub titulo → sub titulo → under title
166. ad tempus → ad tempus → for a time
167. in pleno → in pleno → fully
168. ex lege → ex lege → by law
169. ad utilitatem → ad utilitatem → for benefit
170. sub conditione → sub conditione → under condition
171. in perpetuum → in perpetuum → forever
172. ex vi termini → ex vi termini → by force of term
173. ad eventum → ad eventum → according to event
174. in veritate → in veritate → in truth
175. sub modo → sub modo → with limitation
176. ad placitum → ad placitum → at pleasure
177. in pleno vigore → in pleno vigore → in full force
178. ex hypothesi → ex hypothesi → by hypothesis
179. ad voluntatem → ad voluntatem → at will
180. sub tutela → sub tutela → under protection
181. ad verbum → ad verbum → word for word
182. ex necessitate legis → ex necessitate legis → legal necessity
183. in pleno jure → in pleno jure → full legal right
184. sub obligatione → sub obligatione → under obligation
185. ad rem publicam → ad rem publicam → public matter
186. in pleno statu → in pleno statu → full state
187. ex aequo et bono → ex aequo et bono → just and fair
188. ad gloriam → ad gloriam → for glory
189. in loco → in loco → in place
190. ex abundanti → ex abundanti → in abundance
191. ad finem litis → ad finem litis → end of dispute
192. sub judicio → sub judicio → under consideration
193. ex causa causans → ex causa causans → from primary cause
194. in pleno dominio → in pleno dominio → full ownership
195. ad certiora → ad certiora → to be certain
196. sub sigillo → sub sigillo → under seal
197. ex utilitate → ex utilitate → from usefulness
198. in omni loco → in omni loco → everywhere
199. ad pacificandum → ad pacificandum → to pacify
200. in toto → in toto → wholly

 

1. p.a. → per annum → per year
2. p.d. → per diem → per day
3. ad hoc → ad hoc → for a special purpose
4. per se → per se → by itself
5. in situ → in situ → in original position
6. de facto → de facto → in practice
7. de jure → de jure → by law
8. ipso facto → ipso facto → by the fact itself
9. pro tem. → pro tempore → for the time being
10. status quo → status quo → existing condition
11. vice versa → vice versa → the other way round
12. bona fide → bona fide → in good faith
13. mala fide → mala fide → in bad faith
14. inter alia → inter alia → among others
15. prima facie → prima facie → at first sight
16. ultra vires → ultra vires → beyond power
17. infra → infra → below
18. supra → supra → above
19. circa (c.) → circa → about
20. passim → passim → here and there
21. ex officio → ex officio → by virtue of office
22. mutatis mutandis → mutatis mutandis → with necessary changes
23. ceteris paribus → ceteris paribus → other things equal
24. sub judice → sub judice → under trial
25. ab initio → ab initio → from the beginning
26. ad infinitum → ad infinitum → endlessly
27. in vitro → in vitro → in glass
28. in vivo → in vivo → in a living body
29. ex parte → ex parte → from one side
30. pro bono → pro bono publico → for public good
31. per capita → per capita → per person
32. in absentia → in absentia → in absence
33. ad interim → ad interim → temporarily
34. sub rosa → sub rosa → secretly
35. ad valorem → ad valorem → according to value
36. pro forma → pro forma → for form’s sake
37. in extremis → in extremis → at the point of death
38. ad nauseam → ad nauseam → to a sickening degree
39. mea culpa → mea culpa → my fault
40. alter ego → alter ego → second self
41. via media → via media → middle path
42. ex post facto → ex post facto → after the event
43. non sequitur → non sequitur → does not follow
44. quid pro quo → quid pro quo → something for something
45. per procurationem (p.p.) → per procurationem → on behalf of
46. ad lib. → ad libitum → at pleasure
47. ex nihilo → ex nihilo → out of nothing
48. in toto → in toto → entirely
49. ex gratia → ex gratia → as a favour
50. in re → in re → in the matter of
51. per contra → per contra → on the contrary
52. ad rem → ad rem → to the point
53. ab extra → ab extra → from outside
54. ab intra → ab intra → from within
55. ex cathedra → ex cathedra → with authority
56. inter se → inter se → among themselves
57. in fine → in fine → at the end
58. pro patria → pro patria → for the country
59. ad arbitrium → ad arbitrium → at discretion
60. ex tempore → ex tempore → without preparation
61. in limine → in limine → at the outset
62. ex necessitate → ex necessitate → out of necessity
63. in specie → in specie → in particular
64. ad usum → ad usum → for use
65. in memoriam → in memoriam → in memory of
66. in extenso → in extenso → fully
67. per curiam → per curiam → by the court
68. ad referendum → ad referendum → for approval
69. de novo → de novo → anew
70. res ipsa loquitur → res ipsa loquitur → the thing speaks
71. actus reus → actus reus → guilty act
72. mens rea → mens rea → guilty mind
73. stare decisis → stare decisis → stand by decisions
74. obiter dicta → obiter dicta → said in passing
75. ratio decidendi → ratio decidendi → reason for decision
76. sub silentio → sub silentio → in silence
77. per incuriam → per incuriam → through oversight
78. in pari materia → in pari materia → same subject
79. ad vitam → ad vitam → for life
80. ex aequo → ex aequo → equally
81. in posse → in posse → in possibility
82. in esse → in esse → in existence
83. ad factum → ad factum → according to fact
84. In dubio pro reo → in dubio pro reo → doubt favours accused

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